Research progress in enhancement strategies and mechanisms of piezo-electro-chemical coupling

Piezoelectric materials can harvest tiny mechanical energy existing in the environment, and have strong ability to convert signals into electrical signals. Piezo-electro-chemical coupling be realized via combining piezoelectric effect of with electrochemical redox effect. In recent years, piezo-electro-chemical has attracted a lot attention from researchers harvesting vibration treat dye wastewater. The catalyst material dispersed solution is deformed by ultrasonic vibrations. Owing spontaneous polarization effects, positive negative charges are generated at both ends catalyst, which further react dissolved oxygen hydroxide ions generate superoxide hydroxyl radicals (·<inline-formula><tex-math id="Z-20230421141915">\begin{document}${}{\rm{O}}_2^- $\end{document}</tex-math><alternatives><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="8-20222078_Z-20230421141915.jpg"/><graphic xlink:href="8-20222078_Z-20230421141915.png"/></alternatives></inline-formula> ·OH) for decomposing organic dyes. However, ordinary catalytic often difficult meet people's pursuit efficient treatment Researchers conducted researches on coupling, mainly focusing following two aspects: 1) modification catalysts achieve extended carrier lifetime, accelerate separation high coefficients, 2) combination photocatalysis suppress photogenerated compounding obtain synergistic performance. this work, five strategies enhance modifying introduced. heterojunction structure constructed promote electron-hole pairs. precious metal coated surface transport transfer electrons. composition regulated controlled an increased coefficient phase boundary. Carbon or graphene mixed electron material. number active sites increases through introducing defects increase concentration carriers. physical mechanisms different described perspectives transfer, transition, vacancies. addition, prospects biomedical applications such as hydrogen production, carbon dioxide reduction, tumor therapy tooth whitening presented.